Overview

The landslide-monitoring project links five layers into one continuous data path. At the slope face, ruggedized sensor nodes sample soil moisture, tilt, vibration and other warning signs, publishing readings via MQTT to a low-power local coordinator. Communication Units (CUs) built around ESP32 operate three radio options—LoRa for long-range, Wi-Fi for high speed, and 4G for mobile reach—measuring link quality in real time and automatically selecting the best available channel. Data is written directly into a central relational database that stores at least 24h of entries. A lightweight backend service monitors new entries, triggers alerts, and exposes web/API interface for dashboards and emergency-management tools. Each layer has one tight responsibility, making the system tolerant of link failures, power cuts and harsh terrain while running on inexpensive, low-power microcontrollers.